astrophysics

  • What Came Before the Big Bang?

    This post is based on a project that I completed and presented during the Columbia University Pre-College Program in the summer of 2025, under the guidance of Dr. Paul M. Sutter. The goal of the project was to explore one… Continue reading

    What Came Before the Big Bang?
  • Book Review: Paul M. Sutter’s Your Place in the Universe.

    Paul M. Sutter’s Your Place in the Universe immediately reminded me of my experience this summer in his Columbia University Pre-College course, The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (ASTO0101-D01). In both the book and the class, Dr. Sutter made… Continue reading

    Book Review: Paul M. Sutter’s Your Place in the Universe.
  • WHITE HOLES: From Black Holes to White Holes: A Quantum Rebirth of the Universe

    This summer at Harvard University Summer School, I had the chance to study A Short Tour of the Universe Guided by Einstein and Others with Prof. Dr. Arvind Borde. For my project, I chose to focus on white holes, which… Continue reading

    WHITE HOLES: From Black Holes to White Holes: A Quantum Rebirth of the Universe
  • Book Review: Carlo Rovelli’s White Holes

    This summer at Harvard Summer School, while taking A Short Tour of the Universe Guided by Einstein and Others with Prof. Dr. Arvind Borde, I decided to read Carlo Rovelli’s book White Holes. From the very first pages, I was… Continue reading

    Book Review: Carlo Rovelli’s White Holes
  • Where is Everybody? The Drake Equation

    The Drake Equation is a probabilistic formula developed by astronomer Frank Drake in 1961 to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. Rather than providing a definitive answer, the equation serves as a framework… Continue reading

    Where is Everybody? The Drake Equation
  • Computer Game Recommendation: Endless Space 2

    Endless Space 2 is a turn-based sci-fi strategy game where players guide unique civilizations through exploration, diplomacy, technological advancement, and warfare across a richly detailed galaxy. Continue reading

    Computer Game Recommendation: Endless Space 2
  • Book Review: Life in the Universe by Jeffrey Bennett, Seth Shostak, and Bruce Jakosky

    Life in the Universe is an insightful and engaging textbook that explores astrobiology, planetary science, and the search for extraterrestrial life. Written by Jeffrey Bennett, Bruce Jakosky, and Seth Shostak, the book takes an interdisciplinary approach, integrating astronomy, biology, and… Continue reading

    Book Review: Life in the Universe by Jeffrey Bennett, Seth Shostak, and Bruce Jakosky
  • K2-18b

    Roughly 124 light-years away in the Leo constellation lies K2-18b, a distant world first identified in 2015 through data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope. This exoplanet orbits a cool red dwarf star, K2-18, within its habitable zone, where conditions might… Continue reading

    K2-18b
  • What Type of Life Could be on Exoplanets?

    The discovery of exoplanets—planets orbiting stars beyond our solar system—has expanded our understanding of the potential diversity of life in the universe. While Earth-like conditions are often considered ideal for life, the vast array of exoplanetary environments suggests that life,… Continue reading

    What Type of Life Could be on Exoplanets?
  • Book Review: The Secret Life of the Universe by Nathalie A. Cabrol

    In The Secret Life of the Universe, astrobiologist Nathalie A. Cabrol takes readers on an exciting journey to explore the possibility of life beyond Earth. She explains how life may have started here and what that tells us about where… Continue reading

    Book Review: The Secret Life of the Universe by Nathalie A. Cabrol